Scale.



PATENTED AUG. 11, 1908. J. W. EEEE.

SCALE.

APPLIGATION FILED 101111.20, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

/NVE/v ma Mika/j2ee mi l By 7 A from/Eks- ATENTED AUG. 11 19o .T. W. FREE. 8

SCALE.

APPLICATION FILED MARZO, 1908.

2 SHEETS-.SHEET z.

' Bfm,

JOHN WILLIAM FREE, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA.

SCALE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 11, 1908.

Application filed March 20, 1908. Serial No. 422,298.

termining sizes of tools, wire, sheet material,

and the like, my more particular object being to provide a rconstruction having intelligible characters placed thereon and admitting of a large variety of general uses.

v Reference is to be had to the accompany-- ing drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

. Figure 1 is a plan view of the gage complete, shown as resting upon one of its sides Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the gage as turned over so as to rest upon its side opposite the one shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a reduced cross section upon the line 33. of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow, and showing the three disks ofthe scale, these I disks being pivoted at their centers and thus movable relatively each tothe other j Fig. 4 is a plan view showing one face of the middle disk and Fig. 5 is a plan View showing the opposite face of said middle disk.

Mounted upon an eyelet pivot 6 are three disks 7, 8 and 9, the middle disk 7 being slightly larger than the other two disks. The disk 9 is provided with openings 10, 11, 12, of arcuate form, the opening 12 being cut in from the outer circumferential edge of the disk. Somewhat similarly the disk S is provided with openings 13, 14, 15,- the opening 13 being cut inwardly from the outer circumference of the disk 8. By turning the disks v8, 9 relatively to the disk 7, the various open- .mgs above mentioned may be brought into registry with appropriate portions of the middle disk so that intelligible characters thereupon are rendered visible.' The various disks carry a suitable amount ofA numerical data.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it will be noted that the disk 9 carries lettering A. to Z, together with the legend Letter size drills", and also carries in proximity to the various letters A to Z a number of decimals, such as The )urpose of this arrangement may best be understood by ref erenee to a phase of shop practice. .lt is very often necessary to pick out a drill, the diameter of-which is not recisely 5/16, 9/32, i, or any other principal raction of an inch, but is say a few thousandths of an inchless or more than i, or a few thousandths of an inch less or more than some other definite principal fraction representing the standard sizeof a drill. Sup ose, now, that a workman wishes to select a t rill slightly less than i of an inch in diameter. Turning to the art of the disk 9 last above described he fin( s by the decimal .250 that the letter E represents a diameter of of an inch, and consequently, if he wants a drill the next size smaller, he takes the one marked D which he sees by the scale has a diameter of .246 of an inch. If he desires a drill'of a diameter slightlygreater than 2; of an inch, he selects, by aid of the scale above referred to, the next size larger. This he finds to be an F drill having a diameter of .257 of an inch. The )art of the scale described, therefore, enaIbles a workman to readily determine in decimals the precise lportion of an inch for a drill, the size of w lich -is represented by any given letter of the alphabet and also enables him to tell easily and in decimals the precise difference in diameter between any two drills of given size.

The disk 9 is further provided with the legend Standard taper pins l1 per foot. Beneath this legend are numerals 0 to 10 representing the standard sizes of taper pins which are usually thus designated by number. It will be understood, however, that pins of this kind taper in diameter, and, consequently, the size ascertained bythe number merely has reference to the larger end of the pin. In order,.therefore, to determine what number of pin is to be used in a given case,'it is also necessary to know the smallest diameter of the reamer to be used for making the hole to receive the pin. Unless this is done the Workman will not'know what size 'drill to employ for the purpose of reaming. On the disk, therefore, below the legend "Standard taper pins per foot, I place the word Number. and beneath this the two legends Largest dia; pin and Smallest dia. reamer. lf, now, the workman wishes to use a pin of about of an inch diameter, he finds this to be the one designated as number 4 which is marked upon the scale as or .250.- For the largest diameter of the pin and for the smallest diameter of the reamer the size is .208; The workman is thus apprised bythe scale as to the proper size for both pin and reamer to match the same.

Upon the disk 7 adjacent to the outer edge thereof there are decimal equivalents for various fractions, and by rotating the disk 9 so as to bring the opening 12 into proper position, we disclose the decinial..2031 as the equivalent of 18/64 of an inch. The workman is thus shown that this is the nearest fraction of the decimal .20S representing the smallest diameter of reamer possible to use in connection with the particular pin to be used. lf, now, he desires greater refinement in the diameter of the drill, he can use a so-called number drill which isstill nearer the ideal size. The opening 10 in the disk Q is so y eed that the outer portion of this opening always in registry with some portion of a rircle ot' numbers ranging from 1 to 60 upon the disk 7. lo the disk 7 the difterentnnumbers between 1 and 00 can thus be brought to view.

Upon the disk t) and always registering -with the circle of numbers 1 to 00, appears -the wort Number. The circle of numbers 'l to G0 is the thirdl circle from the circum- 'licrence ot the disk 7 (see Fig. 4). this circle of numbers there are several other circles ci' numbers and relating to these are placed upon the disk 9 several legends, as follows: Twist drill & steel Wire, American B. di: 3., U. S. std. plate. legends n'iean that the circles of numbers in registry with them, but located upon the disk 7, are related'iespectively to the legends.

Turning the disk Sl so that opposite the word i' Number noting, adjacent to this ligure, the decimal number associated with the legend Twist drill & steel wire, we iind such number to be 20210, which means .200, indicating a drill of .001. larger diameter than the reamer measured at its smaller end. Again, suppose we turn the disk E) until through the opening 1() we find the number 14. Lookingnow immediately to the lelit ol" the legend Twist drill Se steel wire we see the number 1820. This indicates the decimal .182 as the nearest approximation to the size of number 14 drill. Almost the same steps are pursued in regard to the use ol the legend American B. & S. .lfor number 14, referring say to number 14 American Brown and Sharps gage wire, we lind adjacent to the `irarend American B. & S. the nuniber .ul/34.1. I'lhis approximates the decimal .Util and means that this decimal represents substantially the diameter ot the particular wire or other stock concerning which data is required. Data for sheet metal is obtained in the same way as data for wire.

From the above explanation the use of' the legend ll. std. plate77 will be readily understood. l"ollowing the same steps we iind that number 14 corresponds to the deci- By turning the disk 0 relatively Inside ot- These appears the symbol 4, and" mal .0781, this decimal thus representing the nearest approximation to number 14 which number is applied to United States standard plate stock.

Near the outer edge of the disk 9 appears the legend Tapers per foot & corresponding angles. These angles are stated immediatel y below the legend in common fractions arranged in a row of arcuate form, the iractions running from 1/04 up to unity and indicating measurements ranging from 1 /64 of an inch up to one inch, these fractions further indicating degrees of taper to each line'ar foot of measurement. For instance, in rods of tapering diameter the degree of taper maybe 1/(54 of an inch to the toot, orit may be 1/32 ol"v an inchto the foot, up to one inch to the foot. Now, opposite each of these common fractions is an expression of degrees, minutes and seconds, indicating the particular angle of inclination expressed in another way by the fraction. For instance, opposite 1/04 appears thc expression 0O 4 28 which means thatfor a taper of 1/04 of an inchto eachlinear foot the angle of taper is 4 minutes and 28 seconds,reckoning, of course, from an imaginary circle of' 360. Again, if we wish to obtain similar data in regard to a piece having aggregate measurements of of an inch to 1/64 ot an inch, we would separately determine angles for l of an inch and 1/04 of an inch,

and add together the two angles. 7e iind that fori of an inch the angle is 8 34 44 im W4.. o.. m8 3 39' 1" and adding these two angles we have Adjacent to the opening 11 upon the disk 9 are the legends Number and Steel music wire. The opening 11, at a point adjacent to its outer edge is in registry with a circle of numbers placed upon the disk 7 and ranging from 1v to 30.

Suppose, now, that we Wish to find the decimal diameter in inches, of number 9 music wire. We turn the disk 9 relatively to the disk 7 until we disclose, through the opening 11, the number 9. le see through the opening 11 that this number corresponds with the decimal .0250 which is the. fact we wished to ascertain. Turning the instrument over so that it appears as indicated in Fig. 2, we iind in the second circle from the circumference oll the disk 8 the legend 13. & S, std. tapers, and immediately inside ol this legend we tnd the word Number together with numerals 1 to 10 inclusive. lnside of the word Number and substantially in registry therewith are other legends, and. opposite the same are decimal numbers arranged in rows ot arcuate form disposed concentrically.

li, non', we wish to ascertain data relating to a socket measuring .750 of an inch at the bottom ol the hole, and .898 of an inch at the top thereof, and knew the plug depth to' be i l ',spond to raiuim'ber 8 socket. e ydl'sk'similar data islgiven in relationtoMorse "standard tapers which are designated by the i 896,092 fu escribed, thatft'hese measurementsfcorre- Upon the-same legend-Morse std. tapers",;and adjacentto this legend there-being other legendsirelating .f to. theplug'fde i th, thevdiameter of the lug at its-smalleren and the diameterfat't rend yall varrarl'g'fed'in' the 4form of a table; .F. .`rom l; thistablewecanreadily ascertaimthenum- .l5rk

l,ber lcorresponding to any group of `measurements glven, and,A as these arestandard measurements the ,workmancan readilyfnd i tween 1/4 vand 6 of sizes 1 /4 to 6 circumference of the disk 7 (see Fig. 5); in- `side of this circle Y have the opening 14 Ving witht a oup asindicated. I l1 pon the disk 7, adjacent to the thereof,

we have'numbered size-taps ranging disk 8 so asl to er inch, and by rotating 'the- 1'3 into proper position, we

liring the vopenm 'Y find the tap dri ls 'to` be used ,with lvarious taps, also the outside-diameter in decimals of' vthe numbered taps. i The opening 15 in the disk 8, is so placed that the outer portion 4of this opening is always in registry with some portion of a circle ofsizes ranging from 1/4 to 6, upon the disk 7; bv turning the disk 8 relatively to the disk 7 the different sizes.be can thus be brought to view. U on the disk 8 and always registere circle of sizes 1/4l to 6 appears reviations U. S. std. taps; the circle1 1s the third circle from the the abb of sizes there are several other circlesof sizes, and relating` to these there are-placed upon the disk 8, several legends'as follows: Threads, Tap drills, f Root dia. These legends Ine-an that the circle ofI sizes in registry with them, but located upon the disk 7 are related respectively workman wishes hole, he is thus shown the threads per inch for a given diameter, also the root diameter.

In this same disk we with pipe taps which are measured 1n the same way, the threads per inch and the tap drills running-U8 to 6. Referring to this same disk 8 it will be noted that it carries (tin 1plate) sizes ranging rom to such as .0.125,

.0156, 0189, 0312, also on this diskWe have tween the rdilerentzl standard tool, thefother fof saiddis'ksHbeing the m'o'st practical threadsmg to the observer the `ethedorm.off aft'ableandf placedwithin this inhus'describedffmyminvent n, I

Patent':f

1. ,Ai-devia of the hasta desciibd,

legends indicatingy `numerical.":relations:` Abemea'surements off; a

egends may be observed, said openings eing off-sety with respect to eachother, vthe @provided vwith openings'through-which'said 'j aggregate radial lengthof thel openings being equal'` to jthe radius offl lthe disk, Asaid vsecond "di's'k being furtherprovided with legends disvpOSed adj acentfto said openings. for lindicatpoint to which said first disk should be turned.

2. A device vof the character described,

desirefto secureH ALetters eompr'ising disks inviable relatively to' each other, one of said lisksbeingwprovided,with :7o

comprising a plurality of'dislvrotatable with respect to each other, one of said disks being ofgreater diameter than the other, and provided with legends indicating numerical relations between the different measurements of a standardtool, the other of said disks bein provided with openings through which said egends may be observed said openings being off-set with lres ect to each other the aggregate radial lengtli of the openings being equal to the. radius of the disk, said second disk being further provided with legends disposed adjacent to said openings for indicatmg to the observer the point to which said first disk should be turned.

,3. A device of the character described, comprising a -pair of disks rotatable with respect to each other one of said disks being provided with a table, and with a series of openings oif-set with respect to each other, the aggregate radial lengthof the openings being equal to the radius of the disk, and the other of said disks being provided with num-4 bers associated With the table.

In testimony whereof I have signedmy name to this specification in the presence of .two subscribingI Witnesses.

. OHN WILLIAM FREE.

Witnesses:

ERNEST S. CRAIGHEAD, A. A. CRocK. 

